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Formulation and Characterization of Eco-Enzyme and Soapberry (Sapindus rarak DC.) Based Shampoo Preparations as an Alternative Environmentally Friendly Hair Care Product

1 Master of Agricultural Science, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, Indonesia
2 Master's in Regional and Urban Planning, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, Indonesia
3 Master's Student in Agricultural Science, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, Indonesia
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Abstract

Synthetic surfactants in hair care products can irritate skin and persist in the environment, which motivates milder bio-based alternatives. This study aimed to formulate and characterize a shampoo containing eco-enzyme and soapberry (Sapindus rarak DC.) extract (Sh.E) with methyl ester sulfonate (MES) as the surfactant. Lerak was fermented in eco-enzyme at 0, 5, 10, and 15% (w/v) in a completely randomized design. pH (n = 3) and Brookfield viscosity (n = 3) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test, while foam (n = 1) and particle size (mean of three measurements) were described only. All formulas met the pH (5.43–6.00) and viscosity (680.67–3555.67 cP) ranges used as criteria. Sh.E changed pH (F = 17.79, p < 0.001) and viscosity (F = 414,588.60, p < 0.001) non-linearly, with minimum viscosity at 10%. Foam stability rose from 75.00% (control) to 84.21–88.10%. The 10% formula had the smallest Z-average (130.0 nm) but a high polydispersity index (PDI 0.697), indicating heterogeneous aggregates, whereas 15% had the lowest PDI (0.294). The 15% formula was most favorable against the criteria. Limitations are readings from one batch, single foam readings, no positive control, no raw-material characterization, and no stability, detergency, or safety tests.

  

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1.
Formulation and Characterization of Eco-Enzyme and Soapberry (Sapindus rarak DC.) Based Shampoo Preparations as an Alternative Environmentally Friendly Hair Care Product. EKSAKTA [Internet]. 2026 Oct. 30 [cited 2026 Oct. 30];27(05):1039-51. Available from: https://eksakta.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/eksakta/article/view/763