Intelligent IoT-based Solar Tracker Using Fuzzy Logic Takagi-Sugeno Kang for Energy Optimization for Melon Hydroponic Monitoring

Muhammad Ghifari Fadza Thoriq; Nurhayati Nurhayati; Ruqayyah Hassan Labo; Raimundo Eider Figueredo; Nurulazlina Ramli

doi:10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss05/756

EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA

Open Access

Intelligent IoT-based Solar Tracker Using Fuzzy Logic Takagi-Sugeno Kang for Energy Optimization for Melon Hydroponic Monitoring

Muhammad Ghifari Fadza Thoriq ¹

, Nurhayati Nurhayati ¹

, Ruqayyah Hassan Labo ²

, Raimundo Eider Figueredo ³

, Nurulazlina Ramli ⁴

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

² Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

³ Maxwell Microwave and Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Instituto Federal de São Paulo (IFSP), Cubatão, Brazil

⁴ Centre for Advanced Electrical & Electronic System (CAEES), SEGi University Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Published 2026-10-23

Vol. 27 No. 05 (2026) PAGES 912-931

DOI 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss05/756

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Abstract

Hydroponic melon quality depends on tightly controlled pH, TDS, and water level, requiring round-the-clock monitoring and uninterrupted off-grid power, yet fixed-tilt panels lose energy as the sun moves. This study develops a single-axis solar tracker using a Zero-Order Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy controller, whose rules output constant servo angles combined by a weighted average, avoiding Mamdani-style centroid defuzzification and suiting an ESP32-S3 that also runs the monitoring node. Two LDR sensors feed five triangular membership functions to set five servo positions, with a deadband suppressing unnecessary movement. Five-day field trials in Jombang, Indonesia, using INA219 modules gave mean daily yield of 243.78 Wh versus 193.23Wh for a fixed panel (+25.91%), with the servo held stationary 55.3% of the time. Harvest exceeded the node's estimated 115.88 Wh/day load on all five days (2.1× on average; fixed panel 1.7×), supporting energy-autonomous 24/7 operation of the IoT melon hydroponic monitoring system.

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