Identification High Sulphidation Gold Mineralization Zones in the “R” Area Using the Induced Polarization Method

Nisriinaa Nasywaa Ariefianty; Yoqi Ali Taufan; Budy Santoso

doi:10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss05/733

EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA

Open Access

Identification High Sulphidation Gold Mineralization Zones in the “R” Area Using the Induced Polarization Method

Nisriinaa Nasywaa Ariefianty ¹

, Yoqi Ali Taufan ²

, Budy Santoso ¹

¹ Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia

² PT. Puncakbaru Jayatama, Jakarta, Indonesia

Published 2026-09-28

Vol. 27 No. 05 (2026) PAGES 808-827

DOI 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss05/733

Views / Downloads 0 0

Download PDF

Abstract

Sumbawa Island is part of the Sunda–Banda magmatic arc, which has high potential for gold mineralization, particularly in high-sulfidation epithermal systems, characterized by an abundance of sulfide minerals resulting from highly acidic magmatic hydrothermal fluid activity. However, the potential for gold mineralization in the study area has not yet been specifically investigated. This study aims to identify the characteristics of subsurface gold mineralization using the Induced Polarization (IP) method, a geophysical technique that measures a rock’s ability to store an electric charge and is sensitive to the presence of sulfide minerals. Interpretation was conducted by integrating resistivity and chargeability data to identify prospective mineralization zones. The results show that mineralization zones are characterized by low resistivity values of 11.7–48.1 Ohm.m due to hydrothermal alteration and high chargeability values of 126–826.5 msec, indicating the presence of disseminated sulfides. These anomalies are associated with geological structures, exhibit continuity to a certain depth, and occur within andesite host rock. These results demonstrate that the integration of resistivity and IP methods is effective for identifying gold mineralization targets in a high-sulfidation epithermal environment.

References

1

[1] Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM). (2026). Evaluasi Kebijakan Bea Keluar Emas: Menjaga Hilirisasi, Menghindari Distorsi Pasar. Retrieved From Direktorat Jenderal Minerba, https://www.minerba.esdm.go.id/berita/minerba/detil/20260316-evaluasi-kebijakan-bea-keluar-emas-menjaga-hilirisasi-menghindari-distorsi-pasar. Accessed April 15, 2026.

2

[2] Hall, R. (2002). Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20(4), 353–431.

3

[3] Hall, R. (2009). The Eurasian SE Asian margin as a modern example of an accretionary orogen. Geological Society Special Publication, 318.

4

[4] Melchiorre, E. B., Mathur, R., Kamenov, G., & Paredes, J. (2023). Geochemical Overprinting and Secondary Placer Crystal Formation in the La Cholla District, Quartzsite, Arizona, USA: Evidence from Copper Isotopes, Morphology, and Trace Elements. Minerals, 13(11), 1444.

5

[5] dos Santos Alves, K., Sánchez, S. B., Barreiro, J. G., Palomares, R. M., & Prieto, J. M. C. (2020). Morphological and compositional analysis of alluvial gold: The Fresnedoso gold placer (Spain). Ore Geology Reviews, 121, 103489.

6

[6] Hedenquist, J. W., Arribas, A., & Gonzalez-Urien, E. (2000). Chapter 7 Exploration for Epithermal Gold Deposits. In SEG Reviews (Vol. 13).

7

[7] Burrows, D. R., Rennison, M., Burt, D., & Davies, R. (2020). The Onto Cu-Au discovery, eastern Sumbawa, Indonesia: A large, middle Pleistocene lithocap-hosted high-sulfidation covellite-pyrite porphyry deposit. Economic Geology, 115(7), 1385-1412.

8

[8] Ernawati, R., Idrus, A., & Petrus, H. T. B. M. (2019). Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Gold Ore Low Sulfidation -Epithermal at Lamuntet, Brang Rea, West Sumbawa District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology, 4(3), 198.

9

[9] Schirra, M., Laurent, O., Zwyer, T., Driesner, T., & Heinrich, C. A. (2022). Fluid Evolution at the Batu Hijau Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Indonesia: Hypogene Sulfide Precipitation from a Single-Phase Aqueous Magmatic Fluid During Chlorite–White-Mica Alteration. Economic Geology, 117(5), 979-1012.

10

[10] Fadlin, Takahashi, R., Agangi, A., Sato, H., Idrus, A., Sutopo, B., & Pratiwinda, R. (2023). Geology, mineralization and calcite-rich potassic alteration at the Humpa Leu East (HLE) porphyry Cu-Au prospect, Hu’u district, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Resource Geology, 73(1), e12309.

11

[11] Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P. and Sheriff, R.E. (1990) Applied Geophysics. 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 770.

12

[12] Revil, A., Vaudelet, P., Su, Z., & Chen, R. (2022). Induced Polarization as a Tool to Assess Mineral Deposits: A Review. Minerals, 12(5), 571.

13

[13] Casulla, M. A. A., & Mizunaga, H. (2023). Characterization of potential Cu-Au mineralization using electrical resistivity and induced polarization methods: a case study in Eastern Labo, Bicol, Philippines. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 20(2), 411-425.

14

[14] Zaid, H. A. H., Arifin, M. H., Kayode, J. S., Basori, M. B. I., Umor, M. R., & Hazim, S. H. (2023). Application of 2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging, and Induced Polarization Methods for Delineating Gold Mineralization at Felda Chiku 3, Kelantan, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 52(1), 305-320.

15

[15] Yatini, Y., Zakaria, M. F., & Suyanto, I. (2026). Delineation of Sulfide Mineralization Zone Based on Geomagnetic and Induced Polarization (IP) Methods in Sangon-II, Kokap, Kulonprogo Districts, Yogyakarta. Geofísica Internacional, 65(2), 2089–2099.

16

[16] Mohammadi, A., Abedi, M., Mirmohammadi, M., & Zarean, A. (2025). Electrical imaging of gold-bearing mineralization zones through 3D geophysical modelling. International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering, 59(3), 237-245.

17

[17] Gautama, I. F. Y., Heditama, D. M., & Muttaqin, Y. A. (2018). Potensi zona urat kuarsa berdasarkan analisis geofisika dengan metode polarisasi terinduksi di daerah Olat Tanah Merah–Plampang, Kabupaten Sumbawa, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi, 13(1), 1–14.

18

[18] Janghorban, G., Forooshani, S. M. A., Haroni, H. A., Sadeghisorkhani, H., & Moshtaghian, K. (2020). Magnetic and IP/RS Data Inversion for Gold Prospecting at Koh-e Lakht Epithermal Deposit, Central Iran. 3rd Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining, Held at Near Surface Geoscience 2020. (Vol. 2020, No. 1, pp. 1-5). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.

19

[19] Khoir, M. F., & Rosid, M. S. (2020). Identification of Potential Distribution of Gold Mineralization Zone of High Sulfidation Epithermal System using Time-Domain Induced Polarization (TDIP) and Magnetic Method at “n” Mountain Qrea. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 854(1), Article 012056.

20

[20] Gobashy, M. M., Eldougdoug, A., Abdelwahed, M., Abdelazeem, M., Abd El-Rahman, Y., Abdelhalim, A., & Said, S. (2023). Role of Integrated Magnetics and Geology in Tracking and Exploring Complex Structures Controlling Gold Mineralization. Example from the Fawakheir-Atalla Gold Prospects, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 180(7), 2775-2805.

21

[21] Bahía, M. E., Pavón Pivetta, C., Benedini, L., Costa, A., Scivetti, N., Barros, M., Gregori, D., Costa Dos Santos, A., Kostadinoff, J., & Geraldes, M. C. (2024). Gravity and magnetic geophysical surveys for exploration of low sulphidation epithermal mining project. Marifil Complex, Chon Aike Igneous Province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 145, 105049.

22

[22] Lv, H., Xu, L., Yang, B., Su, P., Xu, H., Wang, H., Yao, C., & Su, P. (2022). Mineralization Based on CSAMT and SIP Sounding Data: A Case Study on the Hadamengou Gold Deposit in Inner Mongolia. Minerals, 12(11), 1404.

23

[23] Bitnarae Kim, Jacques Deparis, François Bretaudeau, Simon Vedrine, Jochen Kamm, Uula Autio, Cedric Patzer, Suvi Heinonen, Julien Gance, Mathieu Darnet, SEEMSDEEP working group

24

[24] Kim, B., Deparis, J., Bretaudeau, F., Vedrine, S., Kamm, J., Autio, U., Patzer, C., Heinonen, S., Gance, J., Darnet, M., & SEEMSDEEP Working Group. (2026). Three-dimensional geoelectrical imaging beyond 1 km depth for mineral exploration: framework of deep electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization with advanced strategies. Geophysical Journal International, 244(3), ggaf460.

25

[25] Loke, M. H. (2000). Electrical imaging surveys for environmental and engineering studies - A practical guide to 2-D and 3-D surveys Copyright. Cangkat Minden Lorong, August 200(1999), 61.

26

[26] Menke, W. (2012). Geophysical data analysis: discrete inverse theory: MATLAB edition (Vol. 45). Academic press.

27

[27] Zhao, M., Jia, M., Yang, L., Suo, K., Lu, Y., Wei, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Correction methods and applications of ERT in complex terrain. MethodsX (Vol. 13), 103012.

28

[28] Yang, Y., Zhang, G., Yao, C., Deng, Z., Ren, Z., & Li, C. (2023). Application of Induced Polarization Method in Mineral Resource Exploration. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(4), 3840

29

[29] Doyoro, Y. G., Gelena, S. K., & Lin, C. P. (2025). Improving subsurface structural interpretation in complex geological settings through geophysical imaging and machine learning. Engineering Geology, 344, 107839.

30

[30] Cross, B., & Kirkland, C. L. (2021). Petrological control on chargeability with implications for induced polarization surveys. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 188, 104308.

31

[31] Ohta, Y., Goto, T. N., Koike, K., Kashiwaya, K., Lin, W., Tadai, O., Kasaya, T., Kanamatsu, T., & Machiyama, H. (2024). Correlation between induced polarization and sulfide content of rock samples obtained from seafloor hydrothermal mounds in the Okinawa Trough, Japan. Earth, Planets and Space, 76(1), 54.

32

[32] Chen, L., Wang, H., Sun, C., Chang, X., & Ding, W. (2025). The Application of Integrated Geochemical and Geophysical Exploration for Prospecting Potential Prediction of Copper and Gold Polymetallic Deposits in the Fudiyingzi–Bacheli Area, Heilongjiang Province. Minerals, 15(6), 597.

33

[33] Abd-Elsadek, M. K., Araffa, S. A. S., Aldeep, M., Badreldin, H., Othman, A. A. A., Mohamed, W. H., & Zaghlol, K. (2026). Geological and Geophysical Survey of Mineral Resources with an Emphasis on Gold and Associated Minerals in Atshan area,South Eastern Desert, Egypt. Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, 43(1), 463-481.

34

[34] Hase, J., Gurin, G., Titov, K., & Kemna, A. (2023). Conversion of Induced Polarization Data and Their Uncertainty from Time Domain to Frequency Domain Using Debye Decomposition. Minerals, 13(7), 955.

35

[35] Porras, D., Carrasco, J., Carrasco, P., & González, P. J. (2022). Imaging extensional fault systems using deep electrical resistivity tomography: A case study of the Baza fault, Betic Cordillera, Spain. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 202, 104673.

36

[36] Li, H., Gan, J., Gan, Y., Wang, B., Li, Y., & Jiang, W. (2023). Coupling Mechanism of the Concealed Rock Body and Metallogenic Structure of the Sarakan Gold Deposit in Laos Investigated Using Magnetic and Electrical Methods. Minerals, 13(7), 912.

37

[37] Sono, P., Nthaba, B., Shemang, E. M., Kgosidintsi, B., & Seane, T. (2021). An integrated use of induced polarization and electrical resistivity imaging methods to delineate zones of potential gold mineralization in the Phitshane Molopo area, Southeast Botswana. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 174,104060.

38

[38] Saeidian, B., Rajabifard, A., Atazadeh, B., & Kalantari, M. (2023). Modelling underground cadastral survey data in CityGML. Transactions in GIS, 27(6), 1724-1747.

39

[39] Zhou, H., Li, S., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., Zhang, X., Feng, J., & Yuan, Y. (2025). Application of induced polarization gradient measurement in the exploration of the sanjiaotong gold mining area on the northern margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Frontiers in Earth Science, 13, 1523261.

40

[40] Silver, E. A., Breen, N. A., Prasetyo, H., & Hussong, D. M. (1986). Multibeam study of the Flores Backarc Thrust Belt, Indonesia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 91(B3), 3489-3500.

41

[41] Silver, E. A., Reed, D., & McCaffrey, R. (1983). Back arc thrusting in the E Sunda arc, Indonesia: a consequence of arc-continent collision. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88(B9), 7429-7448.

42

[42] Koulali, A., Susilo, S., McClusky, S., Meilano, I., Cummins, P., Tregoning, P., Lister, G., Efendi, J., & Syafi’I, M. A. (2016). Crustal strain partitioning and the associated earthquake hazard in the eastern Sunda-Banda Arc. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(5), 1943-1949..

43

[43] Felix, R. P., Hubbard, J. A., Bradley, K. E., Lythgoe, K. H., Li, L., & Switzer, A. D. (2022). Tsunami hazard in Lombok and Bali, Indonesia, due to the Flores back-arc thrust. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 22(5), 1665-1682.

44

[44] Yang, X., Singh, S. C., & Tripathi, A. (2020). Did the Flores backarc thrust rupture offshore during the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence in Indonesia? Geophysical Journal International, 221(2), 758-768.

45

[45] Ramdhan, M., Priyobudi, Mursityanto, A., Palgunadi, K. H., & Daryono. (2021). Analysis of M 5.3 Sumbawa, Indonesia earthquake 2020 and its aftershocks based on hypocenter relocation from BMKG seismic stations. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, (Vol. 873, No. 1, p. 012070). IOP Publishing.

46

[46] do Amaral, P. A. C., Borges, W. R., Toledo, C. L. B., Silva, A. M., de Godoy, H. V., & Leão Santos, M. H. (2023). Electrical Prospecting of Gold Mineralization in Exhalites of the Digo-Digo VMS Occurrence, Central Brazil. Minerals, 13(12), 1483.

47

[47] Sierra, E. N. (2022). Ore-controlling structures and geostatistical determination of ore-shoots in shear zone hosted lode gold type deposits, El Bagre-Antioquia, Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 26(1), 47-54.