Effectiveness of HCl-Activated Duck Eggshell (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) for Pb²⁺ Removal from Well Water

Farida Ariani; Marliza

doi:10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss05/722

EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA

Open Access

**Effectiveness of HCl-Activated Duck Eggshell (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) for Pb²⁺ Removal from Well Water**

Farida Ariani ¹

, Marliza ¹

¹ Teacher, Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Padang, Padang, Indonesia

Published 2026-09-29

Vol. 27 No. 05 (2026) PAGES 828-837

DOI 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss05/722

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Abstract

Clean water is essential for human health; however, Pb²⁺ contamination in well water remains a serious environmental concern, particularly in areas with industrial activities and inadequate waste management. Conventional water treatment methods are often costly and require complex infrastructure, creating the need for affordable and environmentally friendly alternatives. This study investigated the effectiveness of HCl-activated eggshells as an adsorbent for Pb²⁺ removal from well water. Eggshells were cleaned, chemically activated with hydrochloric acid (HCl), and applied to well water samples. Pb²⁺ concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The initial Pb²⁺ concentration of 0.0335 mg/L decreased to 0.0310 mg/L after treatment with non-activated eggshells (7.46% removal), while HCl-activated eggshells reduced the concentration to 0.0109 mg/L (67.46% removal). These results demonstrate that HCl activation significantly enhances the adsorption capacity of eggshells for Pb²⁺ removal. Therefore, HCl-activated eggshells represent an effective, low-cost, and sustainable adsorbent with strong potential for improving well water quality through organic waste-based water filtration.

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Effectiveness of HCl-Activated Duck Eggshell (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) for Pb²⁺ Removal from Well Water

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**Effectiveness of HCl-Activated Duck Eggshell (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) for Pb²⁺ Removal from Well Water**