Article Sidebar

Submitted
Nov 24, 2022
Accepted
Dec 10, 2022
Published
Mar 30, 2023
Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 526 Download : 385

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk), especially the flesh usually consumed in a ripe state. The jackfruit peel is a non-edible waste. The research aims to determine the effect of different extraction methods on the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of jackfruit peel extract. Extraction methods are percolation, maceration, and digestion. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) using a spectrophotometer with AlCl3 and Folin-ciaocalteu reagents. Rutin and gallic acid as a standarts.  The data from various extraction methods were analyzed statistically by One-Way Anova. The results showed TPC values by percolation, maceration, and digestion respectively 5.94 ± 0.92; 3.03 ± 0.16 and 2.72 ± 0.22 (GAE mg/g). The TFC respectively 13.04 ± 0.38; 5.49 ± 0.33 and 4.16 ± 0.28 (RTE mg/g). Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of flavonoids and total phenolics between various extraction methods from the ethanol extract of jackfruit peel. The percolation method showed the highest TPC, TFC, and yield rather than other methods.

Keywords

Extraction methods, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, jackfruit peel

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
1.
Wigati D, Setyaningrum L, Pratoko DK. The Effect of Extraction Methods on the Total Phenols and Total Flavonoids Content of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) Peels Extract . EKSAKTA [Internet]. 2023Mar.30 [cited 2024Apr.20];24(01):30-9. Available from: https://eksakta.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/eksakta/article/view/371

References

  1. Yatma., S. Falah., L. Ambarsari., S. I. Aisyah., and W. Nurcholis. (2023). Optimization of Extraction of Phenolic and Antioxidant Activities from Celosia cristata Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., vol. 13, no. 2, p. 148
  2. Sayeed, R., Thakur, M., & Gani, A. (2020). Celosia cristata Linn. flowers as a new source of nutraceuticals-A study on nutritional composition, chemical characterization and in-vitro antioxidant capacity. Heliyon, 6(12), e05792.
  3. M. M. Melindra., M. efdi., A. Afrizal., and N. L. Pernadi. (2022). Antioxidant Activities Extracts N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol of Limau Sundai Peels (Citrus Nobilis Lour). EKSAKTA Berk. Ilm. Bid. MIPA, vol. 23, no. 04, pp. 291–297
  4. F. Akter and M. Haque. (2020). Jackfruit Waste: A Promising Source of Food and Feed. Ann. Bangladesh Agric., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 91–102
  5. Alves, J. L. F., da Silva, J. C. G., Mumbach, G. D., Di Domenico, M., da Silva Filho, V. F., de Sena, R. F., ... & Marangoni, C. (2020). Insights into the bioenergy potential of jackfruit wastes considering their physicochemical properties, bioenergy indicators, combustion behaviors, and emission characteristics. Renewable Energy, 155, 1328-1338.
  6. Kalse, S. B., & Swami, S. B. (2022). Recent application of jackfruit waste in food and material engineering: A review. Food Bioscience, 101740.
  7. A. A. Sundarraj and T. V. Ranganathan. (2017). Physicochemical characterization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus integer (Thumb.).) Peel. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 2285–2295
  8. Calderón-Chiu, C., Calderón-Santoyo, M., Herman-Lara, E., & Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. A. (2021). Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) leaf as a new source to obtain protein hydrolysates: Physicochemical characterization, techno-functional properties and antioxidant capacity. Food Hydrocolloids, 112, 106319.
  9. Morelos-Flores, D. A., Montalvo-González, E., Chacón-López, M. A., Santacruz-Varela, A., Zamora-Gasga, V. M., Torres-García, G., & de Lourdes García-Magaña, M. (2022). Comparative Study of Four Jackfruit Genotypes: Morphology, Physiology and Physicochemical Characterization. Horticulturae, 8(11), 1010.
  10. A. M. N. Lal et al. (2021). Pulsed electric field combined with microwave-assisted extraction of pectin polysaccharide from jackfruit waste. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., vol. 74, p. 102844
  11. D. A. R. Lokhande., D. K. S. Wani., and M. S. Siddiqui. (2016). ‘Study of Pectin from Peels of Magnifera Indica and Artocarpus Hetrophyllus. Interna. Conf. Glob. Trends Engg., Tech. Manag, pp. 375–381
  12. S. min Pu et al. (2022). Comparative Investigation on the Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) pulp from Five Cultivars. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr.
  13. L. Zhang et al. (2017). Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) peel: A better source of antioxidants and a-glucosidase inhibitors than pulp, flake and seed, and phytochemical profile by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Food Chem., vol. 234, pp. 303–313
  14. M. Raihan., N. Taqwa., A. R. Hanifah., S. Lallo., I. Ismail., and M. N. Amir. (2020). Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Dan Aktifitas Antioksidannya Terhadap [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] (ABTS). Maj. Farm. dan Farmakol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 101–105
  15. S. A. Baba and S. A. Malik. (2015). Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. J. Taibah Univ. Sci., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 449–454
  16. Shehzadi, S., Khan, S. M., Mustafa, G., Abdullah, A., Khan, I., Ahmad, Z., ... & Raposo, A. (2022). Antiviral COVID-19 protein and molecular docking: In silico characterization of various antiviral compounds extracted from Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. Frontiers in Public Health, 10.
  17. T. Dhanani., S. Shah., N. A. Gajbhiye., and S. Kumar. (2017). Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera. Arab. J. Chem., vol. 10, pp. S1193–S1199
  18. B. P. Pratama., Y. Pranoto., Supriyadi., and R. T. Swasono. (2023). The Properties of Salam Leaf Extract (Syzygium Polyanthum) with Different Solvent Ratio and Processing Time Using Ultrasonication-Assisted Extraction Method. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 581–587,
  19. O. A. O. Adam., R. S. M. Abadi., and S. M. H. Ayoub. (2019). The Effect of Extraction method and Solvents on yield and Antioxidant Activity of Certain Sudanese Medicinal Plant Extracts. J. Phytopharm., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 248–252
  20. E. El Maaiden et al. (2022). A Comparative Study between Conventional and Advanced Extraction Techniques: Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Properties of Plant Extracts. Molecules, vol. 27, no. 7
  21. N. L. Rahmah., B. S. D. Dewanti., and F. Azizah. (2018). Combination of kinetic maceration - digestion in the extraction of areca seeds (Areca catechu L.). Adv. Food Sci. Sustain. Agric. Agroindustrial Eng., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 27–33
  22. A. M. Abdel-Aty., R. I. Bassuiny., A. Z. Barakat., and S. A. Mohamed. (2019). Upgrading the phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of garden cress seeds using solid-state fermentation by Trichoderma reesei. J. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 127, no. 5, pp. 1454–1467,
  23. Alyileili, S. R., Hussein, A. S., Ibrahim, W., & El-Tarabily, K. A. (2020). Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Trichoderma reesei degraded date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pits. Current Bioactive Compounds, 16(4), 528-536.
  24. A. M. Shraim., T. A. Ahmed., M. M. Rahman., and Y. M. Hijji. (2021). Determination of total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride assay: A critical evaluation. LWT, vol. 150, p. 111932
  25. Tristantini, D., & Amalia, R. (2019, December). Quercetin concentration and total flavonoid content of anti-atherosclerotic herbs using aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2193, No. 1, p. 030012). AIP Publishing LLC.
  26. L. Hartanti., S. M. K. Yonas., J. J. Mustamu., S. Wijaya., H. K. Setiawan., and L. Soegianto. (2019). Influence of extraction methods of bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on antioxidant and HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitory activity. Heliyon, vol. 5, no. 4
  27. L. Arum Utami., and D. Hilda Putri. (2020). The Effect of Ethanol Solvent Concentration on Antimicrobial Activities The Extract of Andalas Endophytic Bacteria (Morus Macroura Miq.) Fermentation Product. EKSAKTA Berk. Ilm. Bid. MIPA, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–6
  28. S. Luliana., H. Riza., and E. N. Indriyani. (2019). The Effect of Extraction Method on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Salam Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhidrazil). Maj. Obat Tradis., vol. 24, no. 2, p. 72
  29. W. Cai., H. Wang., Q. G. Yang., T. Liu., and Y. Wang. (2022). Extracting phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by cyclohexanone, a highly efficient extractant. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 116, pp. 393–399
  30. N. L. Rahmah., S. M. M. Kamal., A. Sulaiman., F. S. Taip., and S. I. Siajam. (2023). Optimization Of Phenolic Compounds And Antioxidant Extraction From Piper Betle Linn. Leaves Using Pressurized Hot Water. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 175–184
  31. G. Oshadie., D. Silva., A. T. Abeysundara., M. Minoli., and W. Aponso. (2017). Extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative techniques for screening of phytochemicals from plants. Am. J. Essent. Oils Nat. Prod., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 29–32
  32. Panchal Mital, D., & Jha, C. V. (2021). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of three plants stem bark and leaves from sapotaceae family. Int. J. Multidiscip. Educ. Res, 6(8), 1-6.
  33. I. Safitri., M. C. Nuria., and A. D. Puspitasari. (2018). Perbandingan Kadar Flavonoid Dan Fenolik Total Ekstrak Metanol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.) Pada Berbagai Metode Ekstraksi. Inov. Tek. Kim., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 31–36
  34. K. Anwar., A. Lutpi., A. Melinda., and S. Hadi. (2022). Extraction methods effect on antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of ‘pasak bumi’ ( Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) root. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 976, no. 1
  35. M. Hait. (2019). Extraction techniques of herbal drugs. Res. Trends Med. Plant Sci., no. pp. 17–33
  36. Bagade, S. B., & Patil, M. (2021). Recent advances in microwave assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from complex herbal samples: A review. Critical reviews in analytical chemistry, 51(2), 138-149.
  37. Y. Noviyanty., Hepiyansori., and T. . Insani. (2021). Uji Aktivitas Senyawa Flavonoid Dari Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Ocean. Biomed. J., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 38–52
  38. Badshah, S. L., Faisal, S., Muhammad, A., Poulson, B. G., Emwas, A. H., & Jaremko, M. (2021). Antiviral activities of flavonoids. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 140, 111596.
  39. V. Verawati., D. Nofiandi., and P. Petmawati. (2017). Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Kadar Fenolat Total Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.). J. Katalisator, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 53–60
  40. Dirar, A. I., Alsaadi, D. H. M., Wada, M., Mohamed, M. A., Watanabe, T., & Devkota, H. P. (2019). Effects of extraction solvents on total phenolic and flavonoid contents and biological activities of extracts from Sudanese medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany, 120, 261-267.
  41. Oreopoulou, A., Tsimogiannis, D., & Oreopoulou, V. (2019). Extraction of polyphenols from aromatic and medicinal plants: an overview of the methods and the effect of extraction parameters. Polyphenols in plants, 243-259.
  42. M. R. R. Rahardian., B. T. Murti., D. Wigati., R. Suharsanti., and C. N. Putri. (2019). Solvent concentration effect on total flavonoid and total phenolic contents of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract. Pharmaciana, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 137–144
  43. S. Settharaksa., A. Jongjareonrak., P. Hmadhlu., and W. Chansuwan. (2012). Flavonoid, phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of Thai hot curry paste extract and its ingredients as affected of pH, solvent types and high temperature. nternational Food Res. J. 1, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1581–1587
  44. D. Wigati and D. K. Pratoko. (2019). Total Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Penangkapan Radikal Bebas dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Dan Buah Mengkudu. J. Farm. (Journal Pharmacy), vol. 5, no. 1
  45. D. Wigati., K. Anwar., Sudarsono., and A. E. Nugroho. (2017). Hypotensive Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L. Leaves and Fruit in Dexamethasone-Induced Hypertensive Rat. J. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 107–113,
  46. A. L. Dela Cruz., M. A. M. Feliciano., D. S. Paragas., J. A. Detablan., and P. W. Tsai. (2023). Isolation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Selliguea taeniata Secondary Metabolites. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., vol. 13, no. 4