Article Sidebar

Submitted
Jan 15, 2022
Accepted
Mar 21, 2022
Published
Mar 30, 2022
Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 374 Download : 152

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

The incidence of thymoma increases with age, generally occurs in the 40-60s. Thymoma cases are rare at a young age. The prevalence of thymoma at a young age is very small at 0.6 – 5% of all thymoma cases. Thymoma management requires multimodality therapy depending on the stage of the thymoma, along with the development of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the past three decades. A 21-year-old male patient with complaints of shortness of breath since 5 months before being admitted to the hospital. The patient has been diagnosed with thymoma type Mediastimum Tumor Type B1 T4N2M1B stage IVB from the results of chest X-ray investigations, chest CT scan, bronchoscopy and histopathological examination. The patient has received various therapeutic modalities including 6 cycles of chemotherapy, 30 radiotherapy and thymectomy surgery

Keywords

thymoma staging multimodality therapy

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
1.
Al-Fajri MZ, Ermayanti S, Afriani A. Mediastinal Tumor Thymoma Type B1 T4N2M1B Stage IVB with Multimodality Therapy. EKSAKTA [Internet]. 2022Mar.30 [cited 2024Apr.20];23(01):42-54. Available from: https://eksakta.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/eksakta/article/view/300

References

  1. Rich AL. (2020). Epidemiology of Thymoma.J Thorax Dis. 12(7):7-15. doi:10.21037/Jtd-2019-Thym-02
  2. Minervini F, Kocher GJ. (2020). When to suspect a thymoma: clinical point of view.J Thorax Dis. 12(I):7613-8. doi:10.21037/Jtd-2019-Thym-05
  3. Bruno D. (2019). Thymomas and thymic carcinomas. NCCN Clin Practice Guidel Oncol, 33-56.
  4. Jackson MW, Palma DA, Camidge DR. (2017). The impact of postoperative radiotherapy for thymoma and thymic carcinoma.J Thorac Oncol, 1-11. doi:10.1016/J.Jtho.2017.01.002
  5. Kim ES, Putnam JB, Komaki R. (2018).Phase II study of a multidisciplinary approach with induction chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection, radiation therapy, and consolidation chemotherapy for unresectable malignant thymomas: final report. Lung Cancer, 44(3):369-79.
  6. Yokoi K, Matsuguma H, Nakahara R. (2017). Multidisciplinary treatment for advanced invasive thymoma with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methylprednisolone. J Thorac Oncol, 2(1):73-8.
  7. Tayabali K, Pothiwalla H, Thole J, Nguyen B. Rarity Among The Rare-Large And Invasive Thymoma. (2020). A case report and review rarity among the rare-large and invasive thymoma, a case report and review. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect, 10(3):233-7. doi:10.1080/20009666.2020.1766819
  8. Markowiak T, Hofmann H, Ried M. (2020). Classification and staging of thymoma. J Thorax Dis, 12(9):7607-12. doi:10.21037/Jtd-2019-Thym-01
  9. Julka PK, Sharma DN, Mallick S. (2018). Outcomes of thymoma treated with multimodality approach: a tertiary cancer center experience of 71 patients. TJ. 103(6):572-6. doi:10.5301/Tj.5000429
  10. Sakurai T, Sakamoto T, Wakasa T, Ohta Y, Shiono H. (2017). Tnternational journal of surgery case reports thymoma in middle mediastinum that induced tracheal compression, a case report and review. Int J Surg Case Rep, 30:186-9. doi:10.1016/J.Ijscr.2016.12.008
  11. Shivani M, Sumiti G, Jyoti S, Renuka V, Ajay K, Rajeev S. (2018). Thymoma in a young female diagnosed on FNAC: a rare case report. J Cytol Histol Mediastenal. 6(6):1-2. doi:10.4172/2157-7099.1000366
  12. Okumura M, Fujii Y.(2018).Immunological function of thymoma and pathogenesis of paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis. Gene Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. doi:10.1007/S11748-007-0185-8
  13. Ekowati A, Astuti L, Lecturer S, Radiology D, Medicine F, Gadjah U. (2017). Overview and stages of thymoma on ct-scan. J Radiol Indonesia. 3:10-16.
  14. Miyamoto K, Acoba JD. (2017). Thymomas and thymic carcinomas: a review on pathology , presentation , staging , treatment , and novel systemic therapies.EurMed J.:100-7.
  15. Marcelo F, Godoy MC, Truong MT, Rosado-De-Christenson ML, Marom EM. (2017). IASLC / ITMIG staging system and lymph node map for.Radiographics. (1):758-76.
  16. Luo T, Zhao H, Zhou X. (2016). The clinical features, diagnosis and management of recurrent thymoma. J Cardiothorac Surg;1-7. doi:10.1186/S13019-016-0533-9
  17. DP, S., Ramamoorthy, D., & Ganapathy, H. (2021). A diagnostic surprise of thymoma type b1–case report. Nveo-Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils Journal| NVEO, 6673-6680.
  18. Brillantino, C., Rossi, E., Minelli, R., Bifano, D., Baldari, D., Pizzicato, P. & Zeccolini, M. (2021). Mediastinal thymoma: a difficult diagnosis in the pediatric age. Radiology Case Reports, 16(9), 2579-2585.
  19. Wikander, Y. M., Knights, K., Coffee, C., Vernau, W., Biller, D. S., Higginbotham, M. L., & Springer, N. L. (2020). CD4 and CD8 double-negative immunophenotype of thymoma-associated lymphocytes in a dog. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 32(6), 918-922.
  20. Byas, A. D., Applegate, T. J., Stuart, A., Byers, S., & Frank, C. B. (2019). Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a goat: case report and brief literature review. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 31(6), 905-908.
  21. Maaroufi, A., Assoufi, N., Essaoudi, M. A., & Fatihi, J. (2021). Thymoma may explain the confusion: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 15(1), 1-4.
  22. Åkerström, A. (2022). Minimally invasive (VATS) versus open surgery thymectomies on patients with myasthenia gravis and/or thymoma, 33-45
  23. Kulkarni, C. A., Wadhokar, O. C., & Naqvi, W. M. (2018). Impact of physiotherapy programme on quality of life and functional independence post anterior mediastinal tumour with myasthenia gravis,45-55
  24. Mignan, T., Targett, M., & Lowrie, M. (2020). Classification of myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 34(5), 1707-1717.
  25. Lefeuvre, C. M., Payet, C. A., Fayet, O. M., Maillard, S., Truffault, F., Bondet, V., & Le Panse, R. (2020). Risk factors associated with myasthenia gravis in thymoma patients: the potential role of thymic germinal centers. Journal of Autoimmunity, 106, 102337.
  26. Tavakol, M., Mahdaviani, S. A., Ghaemi, M. R., Vaezi, M., Dorudinia, A., Jamaati, H., & Velayati, A. A. (2018). Good’s syndrome-association of the late onset combined immunodeficiency with thymoma: review of literature and case report. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 85-93.