Main Article Content

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the diseases suffered by people over the world due to musculoskeletal disorders. Blood serum was analyzed for total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels. Cholesterol surface ultrastructure analysis was performed using a SEM microscope. The results showed that total cholesterol and LDL-C levels decreased in the blood serum of LBP patients who had undergone acupuncture therapy by 10 times. Morphology of the surface ultrastructure of cholesterol in the blood serum of LBP patients also showed a reduction in the amount of cholesterol after acupuncture therapy by 10 times. These two results might be useful to improve scientific information for reducing LBP pain, especially through acupuncture therapy.

Keywords

Biochemistry low back pain scanning electron microscope serum lipid surface ultrastructure analysis

Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Wardoyo SH, Badri S. Biochemical and Surface Ultra-Structure Investigation of Cholesterol in Local Points and Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) for Low Back Pain . EKSAKTA [Internet]. 2021Sep.30 [cited 2024Nov.21];22(3):230-7. Available from: https://eksakta.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/eksakta/article/view/270

References

  1. Wang, B. (2021). Diagnosis of Waist Muscle Injury after Exercise Based on High-Frequency Ultrasound Image. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2021.
  2. Swain, C. T., Bradshaw, E. J., Ekegren, C. L., & Whyte, D. G. (2019). The epidemiology of low back pain and injury in dance: a systematic review. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 49(4), 239-252.
  3. Xu, H. W., Yi, Y. Y., Zhang, S. B., Hu, T., Wang, S. J., Zhao, W. D., & Wu, D. S. (2020). Does vitamin D status influence lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain in postmenopausal women? A retrospective single-center study. Menopause, 27(5), 586-592.
  4. Mao, J. J., Davis, R. T., Coeytaux, R., Hullender-Rubin, L., Kong, J. T., MacPherson, H., ... & Harris, R. (2019). Acupuncture for chronic low back pain: recommendations to Medicare/Medicaid from the Society for Acupuncture Research. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 25(4), 367-369.
  5. Comachio J, Oliveira CC, Rodrigues Silva IF, Magalhães MO, Marques AP. (2020) Effectiveness of manual and electrical needle stimulation in acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud [Internet].Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2020.03.064
  6. Legge, D. (2015). Acupuncture treatment of chronic low back pain by using the Jingjin (meridian sinews) model. Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies, 8(5), 255-258.
  7. Schiller, J., Karst, M., Kellner, T., Zheng, W., Niederer, D., Vogt, L., ... & Fink, M. G. (2021). Combination of acupuncture and medical training therapy on tension type headache: Results of a randomised controlled pilot study. Cephalalgia, 0333102421989620.
  8. Su, X. T., Wang, L. Q., Li, J. L., Zhang, N., Wang, L., Shi, G. X., ... & Liu, C. Z. (2020). Acupuncture therapy for cognitive impairment: a Delphi expert consensus survey. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 12, 395.
  9. Liu, Y., Meng, H. Y., Khurwolah, M. R., Liu, J. B., Tang, H., Aa, N., & Yang, Z. J. (2019). Acupuncture therapy for the treatment of stable angina pectoris: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 34, 247-253.
  10. Yvan-Charvet, L., Bonacina, F., Guinamard, R. R., & Norata, G. D. (2019). Immunometabolic function of cholesterol in cardiovascular disease and beyond. Cardiovascular research, 115(9), 1393-1407.
  11. Baumer, Y., Dey, A. K., Gutierrez-Huerta, C. A., Khalil, N. O., Sekine, Y., Sanda, G. E., ... & Mehta, N. N. (2020). Hyperlipidaemia and IFNgamma/TNFalpha synergism are associated with cholesterol crystal formation in endothelial cells partly through modulation of Lysosomal ph and cholesterol homeostasis. EBioMedicine, 59, 102876.
  12. Mason, R. P. (2019). New insights into mechanisms of action for omega-3 fatty acids in atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Current atherosclerosis reports, 21(1), 2.
  13. Su, K., Chen, B., Tu, X., Ye, L., Lu, X., Yu, Z., ... & Yang, X. (2021). Metabolic Changes in Hyperlipidemic Rats After The Administration of Xuezhikang. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 17(6), 702-709.
  14. Zaitseva, N. V., Zemlyanova, M. A., Koldibekova, Y. V., & Bulatova, N. I. (2021). OMIC MARKERS IDENTIFICATION FOR PREDICTING RISKS OF NEGATIVE EFFECTS IN CHILDREN WITH ELEVATED COPPER AND NICKEL CONTENTS IN BLOOD. Health Risk Analysis, (1), 48-56.
  15. Sparks, R. P., Jenkins, J. L., Miner, G. E., Wang, Y., Guida, W. C., Sparks, C. E., ... & Sparks, J. D. (2016). Phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate binds to sortilin and competes with neurotensin: implications for very low density lipoprotein binding. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 479(3), 551-556.
  16. Babaniamansour, P., Mohammadi, M., Babaniamansour, S., & Aliniagerdroudbari, E. (2020). The relation between atherosclerosis plaque composition and plaque rupture. Journal of Medical Signals and Sensors, 10(4), 267.
  17. Yao, B. C., Meng, L. B., Hao, M. L., Zhang, Y. M., Gong, T., & Guo, Z. G. (2019). Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis. Journal of International Medical Research, 47(4), 1429-1440.
  18. Martinet, W., Coornaert, I., Puylaert, P., & De Meyer, G. R. (2019). Macrophage death as a pharmacological target in atherosclerosis. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 306.
  19. Adar, S. D., Chen, Y. H., D’Souza, J. C., O’Neill, M. S., Szpiro, A. A., Auchincloss, A. H., ... & Kaufman, J. D. (2018). Longitudinal analysis of long-term air pollution levels and blood pressure: A cautionary tale from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Environmental health perspectives, 126(10), 107003.
  20. Kim, J. S., Azarbarzin, A., Wang, R., Djonlagic, I. E., Punjabi, N. M., Zee, P. C., ... & Redline, S. (2020). Association of novel measures of sleep disturbances with blood pressure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Thorax, 75(1), 57-63.
  21. Niyonzima, N., Bakke, S. S., Gregersen, I., Holm, S., Sandanger, Ø., Orrem, H. L., ... & Espevik, T. (2020). Cholesterol crystals use complement to increase NLRP3 signaling pathways in coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. EBioMedicine, 60, 102985.
  22. Baumer, Y., Mehta, N. N., Dey, A. K., Powell-Wiley, T. M., & Boisvert, W. A. (2020). Cholesterol crystals and atherosclerosis.
  23. Rashidi, M., Wicks, I. P., & Vince, J. E. (2020). Inflammasomes and cell death: common pathways in microparticle diseases. Trends in Molecular Medicine.
  24. Shu, F., Chen, J., Ma, X., Fan, Y., Yu, L., Zheng, W., ... & Shi, Y. (2018). Cholesterol crystal-mediated inflammation is driven by plasma membrane destabilization. Frontiers in immunology, 9, 1163.
  25. Cantuti-Castelvetri, L., Fitzner, D., Bosch-Queralt, M., Weil, M. T., Su, M., Sen, P., ... & Simons, M. (2018). Defective cholesterol clearance limits remyelination in the aged central nervous system. Science, 359(6376), 684-688.
  26. Stokes, K. Y., Dugas, T. R., Tang, Y., Garg, H., Guidry, E., & Bryan, N. S. (2009). Dietary nitrite prevents hypercholesterolemic microvascular inflammation and reverses endothelial dysfunction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 296(5), H1281-H1288.
  27. Lundberg, J. O., Carlström, M., & Weitzberg, E. (2018). Metabolic effects of dietary nitrate in health and disease. Cell metabolism, 28(1), 9-22.
  28. Lin, Y., Miao, L. H., Pan, W. J., Huang, X., Dengu, J. M., Zhang, W. X., ... & Xi, B. W. (2018). Effect of nitrite exposure on the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione system in the liver of bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis. Fish & shellfish immunology, 76, 126-132.
  29. Malti, N., Merzouk, H., Merzouk, S. A., Loukidi, B., Karaouzene, N., Malti, A., & Narce, M. (2014). Oxidative stress and maternal obesity: feto-placental unit interaction. Placenta, 35(6), 411-416.
  30. El-Beyrouthi, N. (2008). RNA interference and somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate an apolipoprotein E deficient pig: a new model of atherosclerosis.
  31. Varsano, N., Beghi, F., Elad, N., Pereiro, E., Dadosh, T., Pinkas, I., ... & Addadi, L. (2018). Two polymorphic cholesterol monohydrate crystal structures form in macrophage culture models of atherosclerosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(30), 7662-7669.
  32. Alfredsson, V., Nostro, P. L., Ninham, B., & Nylander, T. (2021). Morphologies and Structure of Brain Lipid Membrane Dispersions. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 1320.