EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA

Study of Indonesia Rhododendron: Classification, Conservation, and Pharmacology Activity

Damiana Nofita Birhi

Rhododendrons are representatives of ornamental plants with a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the location where Rhododendron grows in disaster-prone areas results in a lack of research on this plant, thus increasing the extinction rate. Reassessment can provide additional information and encourage further research on Rhododendrons. The assessment was carried out by collecting research data, expedition history, and data on endemic plants, from the heritage when Rhododendron was discovered until now. The results showed that several species were no longer found at the initial location. Some were vulnerable to critical positions, but others showed quite good development. Conservation has been successful in some species, but less and even failed in others. In other conditions, research on the pharmacological activity of Rhododendron in Indonesia is still very lacking. This means the benefit of Rhododendrons is not absorbed properly. Therefore, future research should focus on endemic species from Indonesia. Consequently, the exploration must be carried out again, to channel its existence and utilization properly. Cooperation between the community and the government is urgently needed, considering of growing location that is quite difficult to access, so it requires a lot of money and time.

Optimizing Copper-Aluminum Photovoltaic Cells With Sodium Chloride Gel Electrolyte Under Neon Lamp Ilumination : A Comprehensive Review

dhea nurfadilla chandra, Rahadian Zainul

Solar energy is a key solution in the transition to renewable energy, with photovoltaic (PV) cells playing a crucial role in converting sunlight into electricity. This review examines advancements in photovoltaic technology, focusing on the optimization of copper-aluminum-based solar cells combined with sodium chloride (NaCl) gel electrolytes. The study explores the potential of this material combination in improving cell efficiency, stability, and cost-effectiveness. The copper-aluminum electrodes offer enhanced conductivity and corrosion resistance, while the NaCl gel electrolyte provides stable ion conduction and is environmentally friendly. Experimental results show that the copper-aluminum solar cells with NaCl gel electrolyte achieve an average power conversion efficiency of 10%, with improved durability and stability compared to conventional liquid electrolytes. These developments offer a promising solution for renewable energy, with lower production costs and enhanced environmental sustainability. However, further research is needed to optimize the structure and electrolyte formulation for long-term application. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to make solar energy more accessible and efficient, supporting a sustainable future.